\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u65b0\u535a\u7269\u9986\u300b(New Museums in China\uff09<\/strong><\/a>\u4e2d\u56de\u987e\u4e86\u65b0\u5343\u5e74\u4ee5\u6765\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u5404\u7c7b\u65b0\u5efa\u535a\u7269\u9986\uff0c\u5982\u5176\u6240\u8a00\uff1a\u201c\u5efa\u7b51\u5df2\u7ecf\u8fdc\u8fdc\u8d85\u8d8a\u4e86\u7b56\u5c55\u7814\u7a76\u4e0e\u827a\u672f\u6536\u85cf\u201d\u3002\u81f3\u5c11\uff0c\u5728\u5145\u88d5\u7684\u8d44\u91d1\u3001\u9891\u7e41\u7684\u571f\u5730\u8d2d\u7f6e\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5efa\u7b51\u4fdd\u6709\u6d53\u539a\u5174\u8da3\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u6210\u4e86\u5168\u7403\u5efa\u7b51\u5e08\u7684\u5927\u821e\u53f0\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\nClare\u4f9b\u804c\u4e8e\u666e\u6797\u65af\u987f\u5efa\u7b51\u51fa\u7248\u793e\u957f\u8fbe21\u5e74\uff0c\u73b0\u4efb\u7f16\u8f91\u90e8\u4e3b\u4efb\u3002\u76ee\u524d\u5979\u662f\u300a\u5efa\u7b51\u5b9e\u5f55\u300b(Architectural Record)\u7279\u7ea6\u7f16\u8f91\u548c\u64b0\u7a3f\u4eba\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5c31\u4e2d\u7f8e\u4e24\u56fd\u7684\u535a\u7269\u9986\u548c\u57ce\u5e02\u89c4\u5212\u7b49\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u672c\u4eba\u5bf9Clare\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u91c7\u8bbf\u3002\u5979\u5c06\u535a\u7269\u9986\u6bd4\u55bb\u6210\u201c\u5efa\u7b51\u4e2d\u7684\u8def\u6613\u5a01\u767b\u201d\uff0c\u8ba9\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u57ce\u5e02\u8d8b\u4e4b\u82e5\u9e5c\uff0c\u8bd5\u56fe\u91cd\u65b0\u521b\u9020\u51fa\u201c\u6bd5\u5c14\u5df4\u9102\u6548\u5e94\u201d\u30021997\u5e74\uff0c\u5f17\u5170\u514b\u00b7\u76d6\u91cc\uff08Frank Gehry\uff09\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u53e4\u6839\u6d77\u59c6\u535a\u7269\u9986\u8ba9\u8fd9\u5ea7\u57ce\u5e02\u7115\u7136\u4e00\u65b0\u3002Clare\u8bf4\uff0c\u7ebd\u7ea6\u7684\u5927\u90fd\u4f1a\u7f8e\u672f\u9986\u5728\u5f00\u59cb\u827a\u672f\u6536\u85cf\u4e4b\u524d\u5c31\u5efa\u9020\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e00\u5ea7\u5efa\u7b51\u3002\u5979\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u535a\u7269\u9986\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5efa\u7b51\u5e94\u9996\u5f53\u5176\u51b2\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u624d\u80fd\u8c08\u5c55\u89c8\u9879\u76ee\u3001\u7b56\u5212\u548c\u6536\u85cf\u3002\u5979\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u5145\u6ee1\u4e86\u5f02\u60f3\u5929\u5f00\u7684\u5efa\u7b51\uff0c\u6709\u5404\u79cd\u5404\u6837\u7684\u5199\u5b57\u697c\u5927\u53a6\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u4e00\u5ea7\u5ea7\u94a2\u7b4b\u6df7\u51dd\u571f\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u5efa\u7b51\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5efa\u7b51\u4e5f\u8bb8\u4f1a\u6210\u4e3a\u535a\u7269\u9986\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u6210\u4e3a\u6587\u5316\u6c1b\u56f4\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5979\u8c08\u5230\uff0c\u4e00\u5ea7\u57ce\u5e02\u7684\u590d\u5174\u5e76\u975e\u7eb8\u4e0a\u8c08\u5175\u3002\u65c5\u6e38\u4e1a\u65e0\u7591\u662f\u57ce\u5e02\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6765\u6e90\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u80fd\u591f\u8fc5\u901f\u5e26\u6765\u5229\u6da6\u7684\u4ea7\u4e1a\u3002\u6bcf\u5ea7\u57ce\u5e02\u90fd\u5e0c\u671b\u5438\u5f15\u66f4\u591a\u6e38\u5ba2\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u535a\u7269\u9986\u5c31\u626e\u6f14\u4e86\u91cd\u8981\u89d2\u8272\u3002\u5979\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u897f\u65b9\u535a\u7269\u9986\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u544a\u8bc9\u6211\u4eec\uff0c\u535a\u7269\u9986\u6d6a\u6f6e\u5373\u5c06\u6765\u4e34\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4eba\u4eec\u4f1a\u5bf9\u535a\u7269\u9986\u5f53\u524d\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u8fdb\u884c\u53cd\u601d\uff0c\u4e5f\u66f4\u5e0c\u671b\u770b\u5230\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u535a\u7269\u9986\u51fa\u73b0\u2026\u2026\u6b27\u6d32\u66fe\u7ecf\u4e5f\u6316\u82e6\u90a3\u4e9b\u535a\u7269\u9986\u6ca1\u6709\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u4f46\u653e\u5927\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u4e00\u5ea7\u5efa\u7b51\u53c8\u80fd\u600e\u6837\uff1f\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u5927\u8d8b\u52bf\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u535a\u7269\u9986\u65e0\u8db3\u8f7b\u91cd\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u82f1\u6587\u539f\u6587\u91c7\u8bbf\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Daniel Szehin Ho<\/strong>: How did the book get started? What caused you to write this book?<\/p>\n\n\n\nClare Jacobson<\/strong>: First off, I have always been fascinated with museums, having grown up in Philadelphia. Since then, I\u2019ve been one of those museum tourists \u2014not only to see the collections, but also the buildings. In Shanghai, I saw a museum being built near my house; then I found out about all the other museums\u2014I knew there was something to it.<\/p>\n\n\n\nDH<\/strong>: You had been working with the Princeton Architectural Press, hadn\u2019t you?<\/p>\n\n\n\nCJ<\/strong>: I was the editorial director and had worked with them for 21 years; I joined straight after getting my architectural degree. I did little writing then; it wasn\u2019t until I moved to China that I begin writing. This, frankly, was due to my contacts in the States. I write primarily for Architectural Record<\/em>, where I\u2019m a contributing editor.<\/p>\n\n\n\nDH<\/strong>: So is there a particular \u201carchitectural book\u201d genre which New Museums in China belongs to?<\/p>\n\n\n\nCJ<\/strong>: Well, it\u2019s an architectural survey\u2014a fairly standard way to look at architecture. You look at, say, hotels in Thailand, or gallery spaces\u2014a building type.<\/p>\n\n\n\nDH<\/strong>: And in terms of area?<\/p>\n\n\n\nCJ<\/strong>: No, not so much in terms of a particular area\u2014I had trouble getting this picked up. People asked, \u201cWhy not new museums in Asia?\u201d But the museum boom is happening here by necessity\u2014state funding, private funding, developers. It\u2019s happening here.<\/p>\n\n\n\nA lot of these books more typically survey something like new museums throughout the world. \u201cNew Architecture in China\u201d is very specific.<\/p>\n\n\n\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/randian-art.s3.ap-east-1.amazonaws.com\/2023\/02\/zh-hans\/image-55.png\")
Book \u201cNew Museum in China\u201d cover\n\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u65b0\u535a\u7269\u9986\u300b\u4e66\u7c4d\u5c01\u9762<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\nDH<\/strong>: On the other hand, since there are so many new museums, your book is pretty small, no?<\/p>\n\n\n\nCJ<\/strong>: We know there is a phenomenon\u2014an important phenomenon. One that might be at its end.<\/p>\n\n\n\nDH<\/strong>: Why is that?<\/p>\n\n\n\nCJ<\/strong>: It remains to be seen. For instance, the NAMOC museum (architectural design contest) winner, Jean Nouvel, took a long time to be announced. There is some speculation that in fact, the new anti-corruption austerity measures might be affecting not just \u201cextravagant spending,\u201d but museum spending as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\nDH<\/strong>: I was quite surprised that the NAMOC architect would be French. In a lot of countries, such a site is fraught with symbolism\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\nCJ<\/strong>: I can\u2019t think of the Smithsonian being designed by anyone other than an American. With private museums, it\u2019s different.<\/p>\n\n\n\nDH<\/strong>: You mention how museums have become \u201cthe Louis Vuitton bags of architecture. Every city in China wants one now.\u201d There are many attempts to reproduce the \u201cBilbao effect\u201d\u2014the rejuvenation of a city through museum building, following Frank Gehry\u2019s successful 1997 Guggenheim Museum in Bilbao. To be snarky, it all seems a bit fake and hollow.<\/p>\n\n\n\nCJ<\/strong>: Okay, sometimes it is fake. That said, the Metropolitan Museum in New York actually acquired its first building before its first piece of art. Building is going to come first. Architecture has just advanced well beyond curatorial studies and art collections. The buildings come first, and me being a wonderfully optimistic person\u2014after that comes programming, curation and collections.<\/p>\n\n\n\nI also recognize that some of them won\u2019t. There\u2019s a lot of speculative building in this country\u2014office towers and so on\u2014the difference here is that you get a great piece of architecture, instead of a concrete tower. I hope they turn into viable museums, or at least provide the infrastructure for cultural venues.<\/p>\n\n\n\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/randian-art.s3.ap-east-1.amazonaws.com\/2023\/02\/zh-hans\/image-56.png\")
Xinjin Zhi Museum, Xinjin, Kengo Kuma and Associates. CREDIT: Daici Ano\n\u65b0\u6d25\u5fd7\u535a\u7269\u9986\uff0c\u6210\u90fd\u65b0\u6d25, \u9688\u7814\u543e\u5efa\u7b51\u90fd\u5e02\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e8b\u52a1\u6240\uff0c\u56fe\u7247\u63d0\u4f9b\uff1aDaici Ano<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\nDH<\/strong>: Sometimes people in the arts have high expectations. In some ways, having that architectural statement is itself important.<\/p>\n\n\n\nCJ<\/strong>: Yes. Urban development depends on well-established icons. The model of \u201ctown hall, church and square\u201d won\u2019t work for China. Maybe it will be more like the expo\u2014performance center, art museum, two exhibitions\u2026and a mall, and maybe a museum.<\/p>\n\n\n\nDH<\/strong>: Aren\u2019t malls more of a center than museums?<\/p>\n\n\n\nCJ<\/strong>: Definitely, they accept more people and attract more interest. Maybe we\u2019re not just about culture.<\/p>\n\n\n\nLook, at least these museums break up the monotony of urban planning in China\u2014other than stand-alone buildings amid the endless stream of residential skyscrapers and commercial towers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
DH<\/strong>: So isn\u2019t this all a bit fake?<\/p>\n\n\n\nCJ<\/strong>: The rejuvenation of a city is not a fake thing; it\u2019s a reality. How much influence did Gehry have in Bilbao? Maybe it was already coming back. There is no doubt that tourism is a huge part of a city\u2019s economy\u2014it\u2019s the quickest part of the economy. Every town makes efforts to bring visitors in. Museums are a key component.<\/p>\n\n\n\nDH<\/strong>: Iconic architecture is also a tool of national branding.<\/p>\n\n\n\nCJ<\/strong>: In new towns throughout Asia, there\u2019s this master plan with an iconic building\u2014some sort of a tower. Museums are somewhat different\u2014especially because they\u2019re on ground level. New York has its skyline, but the Guggenheim is on ground level. There\u2019s a different kind of icon and architectural experience.<\/p>\n\n\n\nDH<\/strong>: I noticed some museums mentioned in your book aren\u2019t going to happen in the end.<\/p>\n\n\n\nCJ<\/strong>: The book took one full year to publish, so I had to rely on the information available at the time. I don\u2019t claim to understand the intricacy of building developments\u2014they are huge, with plans which may be presented to investors detailing certain images of the development; then there\u2019s the waiting for the other parts of the plan to come to fruition. It has to do with some power politics.<\/p>\n\n\n\nDH<\/strong>: The influence of Chinese museums is really low, in the end.<\/p>\n\n\n\nCJ<\/strong>: When you look at the history of museums in the West, in the US, it just takes time. It will happen. Because there are enough people critical of the current state of museums, there are enough people interested in making it better.<\/p>\n\n\n\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/randian-art.s3.ap-east-1.amazonaws.com\/2023\/02\/zh-hans\/image-57.png\")
China Wood Sculpture Museum, Harbin, MAD Architects. CREDIT: Xia Zhi\n\u4e2d\u56fd\u6728\u96d5\u535a\u7269\u9986\uff0c\u54c8\u5c14\u6ee8\uff0cMAD\u5efa\u7b51\u4e8b\u52a1\u6240\uff0c\u56fe\u7247\u63d0\u4f9b\uff1aXia Zhi<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\nDH<\/strong>: Actually, I wonder how museums die in the US?<\/p>\n\n\n\nCJ<\/strong>: A lot of small house museums and historical museums are dying a sad death. As for big museums\u2014well, instead of dying, they change funding programs. You know, like Bank of America at the Met. It\u2019s not how they die, but how they stay alive.<\/p>\n\n\n\nOf course, there are changes in building types: armories which are now performance centers, or a bank hall in Brooklyn used as flea market. There\u2019s all this repurposing of churches, for instance, as restaurants, bars, performance spaces\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n
DH<\/strong>: Or even turned into lofts\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\nCJ<\/strong>: They are retained because they are on a specific spot with architectural value. People think they are worth keeping.<\/p>\n\n\n\nDH<\/strong>: What about in China?<\/p>\n\n\n\nCJ<\/strong>: I think the buildings with greater significance will be kept.<\/p>\n\n\n\nDH<\/strong>: In China, there are so many museum\/cultural\/design clusters. Is this common in the States?<\/p>\n\n\n\nCJ<\/strong>: First off, there aren\u2019t a lot of new towns in the West. But historically, say in Philadelphia, there is an axis of a big avenue downtown, positioned in a prime location, with museums around it. New York has Central Park with the Met alongside it. And New Museums in the Bowery\u2014now everybody goes.<\/p>\n\n\n\nThere was a museum building boom in the US at the end of the 19th Century. Then, it was much as it is now (in China). Those museums were positioned there and then for effect\u2014Philadelphia, Chicago, New York. Museums now don\u2019t have that scale, since they can fit themselves into the urban fabric. I\u2019m sure Europe was remarking that there was nothing inside the museums, either.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
In China, there\u2019s a new specific type of museum, with exhibitions and other events, where you have a floor of art and a floor of shopping mall. In some ways, K11 has more programming than any museum in China. Who says the Western model is the only model?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
At a certain time and age, even in the West, single buildings had more import. Now, the current generation [in the West] are much more interested in the urban fabric. At the same time, when I walk through some parts of Shanghai, where it\u2019s ugly and monotonous, I\u2019m generally happy to see a building that\u2019s \u201cbeautiful\u201d (I suppose \u201cbeauty\u201d is another word the younger generation doesn\u2019t use). Out of all these buildings, significant buildings by significant architects are an important thing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
DH<\/strong>: Ha! The younger generations are all vegetarian hippies into Jane Jacobs and the \u201curban fabric\u201d\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\nCJ<\/strong>: It\u2019s a phase; they\u2019ll get over that. They are more realistic and less optimistic than I am\u2014and that\u2019s fine. In the grand scheme of things, what does a single building matter? Museums aren\u2019t so important, for the overarching trends of China.<\/p>\n\n\n\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/randian-art.s3.ap-east-1.amazonaws.com\/2023\/02\/zh-hans\/image-58.png\")
Sifang Art Museum, Nanjing, Steven Holl Architects. CREDIT: Shu He\n\u56db\u65b9\u5f53\u4ee3\u7f8e\u672f\u9986\uff0c\u5357\u4eac\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u65af\u8482\u6587\u2022\u970d\u5c14\u5efa\u7b51\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e8b\u52a1\u6240\uff0c\u56fe\u7247\u63d0\u4f9b\uff1aShu He<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/randian-art.s3.ap-east-1.amazonaws.com\/2023\/02\/zh-hans\/image-59.png\")
Museum of Handcraft Paper, Xianzhuang Village, Trace Architecture Office. CREDIT: Shu He\n\u9020\u7eb8\u535a\u7269\u9986\uff0c\u4e91\u5357\u65b0\u5e84\u6751\uff0cTAO\u8ff9\u2022\u5efa\u7b51\u4e8b\u52a1\u6240\uff0c\u56fe\u7247\u63d0\u4f9b\uff1aShu He<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/randian-art.s3.ap-east-1.amazonaws.com\/2023\/02\/zh-hans\/image-60.png\")
Ningbo History Museum, Ningbo, Amateur Architecture Studio. CREDIT: Lv Hengzhong\n\u5b81\u6ce2\u5386\u53f2\u535a\u7269\u9986\uff0c\u5b81\u6ce2\uff0c\u4e1a\u4f59\u5efa\u7b51\u5de5\u4f5c\u5ba4\uff0c\u56fe\u7247\u63d0\u4f9b\uff1aLv Hengzhong<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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\u4f5c\u8005\uff1aDaniel Szehin Ho \u4f55\u601d\u884d\u8bd1\uff1aLiang Shuhan \u6881\u8212 … Continue reading →<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":8878,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[18],"tags":[4423,1065,3168,810,2396,3184,811],"yoast_head":"\n\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u65b0\u535a\u7269\u9986\u2014\u2014\u5efa\u7b51\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u8def\u6613\u5a01\u767b\u201d\uff1f - \u71c3\u70b9 Ran Dian<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"http:\/\/www.randian.art\/zh-hans\/\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u65b0\u535a\u7269\u9986-\u5efa\u7b51\u4e2d\u7684\u8def\u6613\u5a01\u767b\uff1f\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"zh_CN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u65b0\u535a\u7269\u9986\u2014\u2014\u5efa\u7b51\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u8def\u6613\u5a01\u767b\u201d\uff1f - 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